The use of VOCs as a real-time marker in human breath for physiological events such as lactate threshold, and oxidative stress is a challenge for conventional “off-line” gas analysis equipment, such as GC/MS. The analysis necessitates very fast response, coupled with a wide dynamic range. The HPR-20 TMS Transient mass spectrometer is ideal for this application due to the fast response, wide dynamic range and high sensitivity offered by the PIC detector.